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Mansraj Ramphal - “Despotism tempered by sugar?”

“Despotism tempered by sugar?”- The first-hand account of Joseph Beaumont, Chief Justice, of the oppression and hardships suffered by Indian indentured labourers in British Guiana,1863-1868 [email protected] Trinidad and Tobago In 1871, Joseph Beaumont published “A New Slavery” on the Indian indentured labour experience in British Guiana. He held the office of Chief Justice in that British Atlantic colony from 1863 to 1868. He was well-acquainted with their condition. He found serious evils inherent in the draconian labour laws, which were “exceedingly stringent and galling, and liable to great abuse in its administration.” For minor misdemeanours, the Indian indentured labourers felt the “terrible and crushing severity” of penal and criminal sanctions. The partial and oppressive administration of justice resulted in an extraordinary number of prosecutions. Beaumont called for reform, without which “very serious disorders” would follow. Other troubling features which he identified included: the extreme poverty of the Indians; their frequent debility and sickness; inadequate hospital accommodation; their general ignorance, their special ignorance of the English language and of English habits and ideas, their remote and alien origin; separation from their own country and the change required; their social isolation and restriction from almost every amenity of life, the sex disparity; the high murder rate including uxoricide; and the requirement for passes to travel. Beaumont was also concerned about the unnecessarily high death rates - a “most flagrant disgrace” - reproduction of one of the most shocking features of West Indian Slavery, the certain dying out of a race of people placed in a false and subject industrial and social condition. Mortality statistics were “inaccurate, uncertain, or confused, or…partial.