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How Heroin Kills

http://steponerehab.com - Heroin is an illegal, pain killing opioid used for its euphoric effects. The root of all opioids is the opium poppy plant. Opium poppy has been cultivated for thousands of years, and was known to the Ancient Sumerians as the “plant of joy." Opium poppy is used to create morphine, which is then further refined to create heroin. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, in 2015, over 4 million people over the age of 12 had used heroin at some point in their life. That is a colossal amount, considering it’s estimated that over 20% of people who use heroin eventually build a dependence on it. And not only is heroin highly addictive, it is also extremely hazardous to users. There was a 6-fold increase of heroin related deaths from 2001 to 2014, with over 10,000 deaths in 2014 alone. So as heroin becomes more popular, there are more heroin-related deaths, especially ones caused by overdose. An overdose occurs when more heroin is used than the body can handle. But what exactly happens during an overdose? Why is it so dangerous? Well, it’s all because of how heroin affects the central nervous system. Heroin slows down the central nervous system and inhibits pain receptors, which creates a feeling of euphoria. Breathing and heart rate slowdown in response to the depression. This can cause heroin users to fall asleep. While sleeping, lungs and heartrate slow even further. Oxygen levels drop. The body essentially forgets that it is supposed to be breathing. Victims then die from the lack of oxygen in their body. The first three minutes are the most important for someone who is overdosing. In the first three minutes without breathing, if someone is resuscitated, they can hope to walk away unscathed. After three minutes, that hope diminishes. After five to ten minutes of not breathing, severe, permanent brain damage takes effect. So even if someone survives the overdose, they can be permanently disabled. So, how do you know if someone is having an overdose? There are several signs that someone is overdosing. The most common are: Slow, shallow breathing Or Not breathing at all. Blueish skin and lips, weak pulse, and small, pinpoint pupils While heroin is dangerous on its own, it is more dangerous in the presence of other drugs. Even someone with a high tolerance to heroin and other opioids can die from what is called polydrug use. Many people have heard the term “speedballing”. This is a mixture created by combining heroin with a stimulant like cocaine. This combo is incredibly euphoric, but is also incredibly lethal. Deadly combinations don’t have to be so intense. This contributes to why many experienced heroin users have overdoses. They feel comfortable with the amount of heroin they use, but the high isn’t as dramatic as when they first started. They look to drinking or using other drugs to get a better high, which can cause more damage than using heroin alone. A heroin user can grow accustomed to the amount they use, and become overconfident when smoking, shooting, or snorting. If they try a batch of heroin that is stronger than what they are used to, they can easily overdose. And there is no perfect way to tell how potent the heroin is until it’s used. Just by sight, it’s impossible to know the purity of the heroin, what it’s cut with, or if there are any other drugs included in the mixture. Another hazard for heroin users is heroin cut with fentanyl. Fentanyl is an extremely potent opioid. It is several times more potent than heroin. Medicinally, fentanyl is prescribed to patients with severe chronic pain, or patients that have built a resistance to other opioids. Fentanyl laced heroin is undetectable. The user has to test the product to know if it is there. Unfortunately, many heroin users don’t take this precaution. They use as they normally would, and are blindsided by the power of the fentanyl. And the surprise can be deadly. Fentanyl is popping up more and more as time passes. Between 2013-2014, the DEA reported that there was almost a 400% increase in seized products containing fentanyl. Naloxone attaches to the parts of the brain affected by opioids and blocks them off. This stops the overdose in its tracks. Some states are even allowing naloxone to be sold over the counter to help stifle the amount of overdose deaths. While naloxone prevents death, it doesn’t cure addiction. And with a heroin addiction, there is always a risk. No matter whether someone is taking heroin for the first time, or the hundredth time, there is a chance of an overdose. There will be times when medical response isn’t able to come fast enough to administer naloxone. The only true way to avoid death is to be abstinent from heroin completely. When it comes down to it, the high just isn’t worth the risk.