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Ultrasound Video showing Scrotal Hydrocele, Pyocele, with an epididymal cyst, and inguinal hernia.

This video shows Scrotal Hydrocele and Pyocele, with an epididymal cyst, and inguinal hernia. The purulent fluid collection generally arises from communication between the infected testicle or testicular abscess and an existing hydrocele, through the mesothelial lining of the tunica vaginalis. A hydrocele is defined as fluid surrounding the testicle, which is usually simple, anechoic, and without layering debris. If septations, significant layering, or debris are visualized during scanning, then the diagnosis of a complex hydrocele is made and either pyocele or hematocele are considered. A non-communicating hydrocele usually remains the same size or has very slow growth. If a communicating hydrocele does not go away on its own and is not treated, it can lead to an inguinal hernia. In this condition, part of the intestine or intestinal fat pushes through an opening (inguinal canal) in the groin area. Hydroceles can occur in one or both sides of the scrotum and usually grow slowly. This kind of hydrocele does not get bigger or smaller. Communicating hydrocele: A communicating hydrocele can form at any age but is more common in infants and children. This kind of hydrocele gets bigger and smaller. The scrotum is the sac of skin that holds the testicles once they descend. This can cause fluid to move from the abdomen into the scrotum. Hydroceles can also be caused by inflammation or injury in the scrotum or along the channel. The inflammation may be caused by an infection (epididymitis) or another condition. The cause is not known in most cases. A small number of hydroceles are caused when something is wrong with one of the testicles (testes). For example, infection, inflammation, injury, or tumors of your testicle (testis) may cause fluid to be formed which leads to a hydrocele forming. A hydrocele is an abnormal collection of fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis and/or along the spermatic cord. In the normal scrotum, 1–2 mL of serous fluid may be observed in the potential tunica vaginalis cavity and should not be mistaken for hydrocele. Often a hydrocele will resolve itself without treatment. However, as a hydrocele grows larger, it can cause swelling, pain, and discomfort in the scrotum and may need surgical repair. A hydrocelectomy removes the fluid and shrinks the size of the sac formerly containing the fluid. There are no drugs available to treat adult hydrocele, although pain medication may help relieve any discomfort. Surgery may be needed to repair/drain a hydrocele if it causes pain, if there might be an infection, or if the hydrocele becomes too large. A hydrocele is a collection of fluid in the scrotum. Most develop for no apparent reason, are harmless, and can be left alone. If needed, a small operation can usually cure the problem. In a small number of cases, a hydrocele is due to an underlying problem with a testicle (testis). How common is an adult hydrocele? About 10% of newborn male infants have a hydrocele, which often clears up without any particular treatment within the first year of life. Hydroceles occur in only about 1% of adult men, and will often disappear on their own within the first 6 months. Some women (25.7%) complained that a failure of erection and penetration occurred during intercourse due to the larger size of the hydrocele scrotum. About half of them said that hydrocele patients have lesser sexual potency than normal men and they thought that hydrocele is responsible for male impotency. Hydrocele and Inguinal (Groin) Hernia. A hydrocele is a collection of fluid within a pouch that produces swelling in the groin region or scrotum. An inguinal hernia occurs when abdominal organs protrude into the inguinal canal or scrotum. About 1-5% of children will have a hernia or hydrocele, including newborns. However, they can affect males of any age. Hydroceles generally don't pose any threat to the testicles. They're usually painless and disappear without treatment. However, if you have scrotal swelling, see your doctor to rule out other causes that are more harmful such as testicular cancer. Inserting a needle into the hydrocele and withdrawing the fluid (aspiration) is an alternative to surgery. After removing the fluid, the doctor injects a chemical inside the sack (sclerotherapy) around the testicle. This helps prevent fluid from building up again. An epididymal cyst is a fluid-filled cyst found in the epididymis, a coiled tube in the back of the testicle that stores and transports sperm. This creates a benign lump in the testicle and can be very common as men age. An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of abdominal-cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Symptoms are present in about 66% of affected people. This may include pain or discomfort especially with coughing, exercise, or bowel movements.