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Pathogenesis of Hashimoto thyroiditis

Pathogenesis Autoimmune Disease Breakdown in self-tolerance to thyroid auto-antigens Circulating autoantibodies against Thyroglobulin and Thyroid peroxidase in most of the patients. Exact cause leading to breakdown in self-tolerance is Unknown Possibilities include Abnormalities of regulatory T cells or Exposure of normally sequestered thyroid antigens. Induction of thyroid autoimmunity is accompanied by a progressive depletion of thyrocytes by apoptosis and replacement of the thyroid parenchyma by mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis. Multiple immunologic mechanisms may contribute to thyroid cell death, including CD8 cytotoxic T cell mediated cell death Cytokine mediated cell death Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity