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ondansetron

(Zofran) An antiemetic agent used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, as well as used for gastroenteritis. It can be given by mouth, intravenous injection, or intramuscular injection. It is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ("setron") which inhibits serotonin binding to the 5-HT3 receptors in the terminals of afferent fibres of the vagus nerve. This inhibits the activation of the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata. It may also suppress vomiting and nausea by acting in the solitary tract nucleus and chemoreceptor trigger zone in the central nervous system, where is the highest concentration of 5-HT3 receptors. It is greatly selective and has little affinity for other receptors, such as dopamine, histamine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It has little effect on vomiting caused by motion sickness. Common side effects: Diarrhea, constipation, headache, sleepiness, itchiness. Serious side effects: QT prolongation, hypersensitivity (severe allergic reaction). Cf. apomorphine