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Air Pollution

Air pollution https://appgairpollution.org/key-facts/ All-Party Parliamentary Group on Air Pollution 80% of people in urban areas are exposed to air pollution that is higher than WHO limits 40,000 deaths a year (rate of 25.7 p/100,000 compared to 0.4 in Sweden) Strongly linked to cancer, heart disease, strokes It affects the most vulnerable and poorest people Children are 11% more exposed How particulates harm the heart https://www.bhf.org.uk/toxicair Remain in bloodstream for at least three months Worsen the build-up of atheroma Affect the normal electrical functioning of your heart. Air pollution and case fatality of SARS in the People's Republic of China: an ecologic study https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/a... Case fatality rate increased with air pollution index Moderate API verses low API areas, 84% increased risk of dying (RR 1.84) High API verses low API areas, more than double risk of dying (RR = 2.18) Results were similar for short and long term exposure Cut air pollution to help avoid second coronavirus peak (APPG) https://www.theguardian.com/environme... https://appgairpollution.org/2020/05/... It is increasingly likely that air pollution increases vulnerability to Covid-19 infection Short-term exposure of airway cells to micro particulates causes a highly significant increased the number of the ACE2 receptors Coronavirus detected on particles of air pollution Similar results for nitrogen dioxide Correlations between air pollution and death rates from COVID-19 Air pollution and Covid-19 are even more dangerous together How air pollution exacerbates Covid-19 https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20... Outdoor air pollution kills 4.2millin per year Predisposing the people who have lived with polluted air for years Particles may be acting as vehicles for viral transmission Harvard School of Public Health study https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.11... 3,080 counties in the US, long-term pollution exposure for 15-20 = years significantly higher mortality rates Heart effects Lung effects Air pollution reduced immunity, European Alliance of Public Health, https://epha.org/air-pollution-and-da... Outsized effect in the US An increase of 1 microgram per cubic metre corresponds to a 15% increase in COVID deaths. US Environment Protection Agency limit 12 micrograms of PM 2.5s WHO guidance figure is 10 micrograms per cubic metre New York is often above this ‘safe’ limit Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy? https://www.sciencedirect.com/science... Polluted areas = chronic respiratory conditions Chronic inflammatory, even in young and healthy Predisposed to a particular infection Hotspot correlation Air pollution and case fatality of SARS in the People's Republic of China: an ecologic study https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/a... Air pollution index (API) High to low 86% increase in deaths Particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and ground-level ozone Lockdown reductions 44% in Wuhan 54% in Seoul 60% in New Delhi Milan 45Km Rome 150Km https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20...