Скачать с ютуб Anarchy: Rabbit Hole of the International Relations в хорошем качестве

Anarchy: Rabbit Hole of the International Relations

What is anarchy? Chaos, violence, or lawlessness? Actually, the word is derived from the Greek word - anarkhos - which means “without a ruler”. Anarchy is often associated with periods of revolutionary upheaval and extreme social and political turbulence. In this sense, anarchy is the complete opposite of civilized conduct. But the term is employed in International Politics in a specific way: International politics is anarchical because no single state or coalition of states has absolute control over the entire system. So what does it exactly mean? There is no central government within the international system. All states are sovereign and autonomous; responsible for their own fate even though they may not control it. They determine when it is appropriate to fight, when to make peace, and when to act in harmony with others. Thomas Hobbes was the first modern political philosopher to describe international relations as anarchical. While he is more concentrated on the problem of order within the state, his description of the international ‘state of nature’ has had a major influence on the development of international relations theory. State of nature can be depicted basically as pre-social conditions where rational individuals spend their life perpetually trying to outwit competitors in order simply to stay alive. These conditions prevent rational individuals from having time for leisure, social communion, or civilized behavior. Under these circumstances, it becomes very wise exchanging their natural freedom and rights in return for protection and security against others granted by an all-powerful ruler or “Leviathan”. As it is just explained, pre-social conditions are a perfect match that can describe international relations. Indeed, realists have a huge tendency to explain most of the phenomena in the field with anarchy. Some liberal internationalists first of all accept that anarchy is important but then argue that realists tend to exaggerate its effects on state behavior. Such discussions will bring us great debates in international relations which we will also check later. Constructivists, on the other hand, accept that anarchy is the characteristic condition of the international system, but they also state that anarchy of friends is quite different from the anarchy of foes. In short, you can bring different types of explanations for the nature and effects of anarchy among states based on the level of analysis and how you construct the relations between those different levels.