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Facial Artery

Facial Artery: arises from the external carotid just above the tip of the greater cornua of the hyoid bone. It runs upwards first in the neck as cervical part and then on the face as facial part. The course of the artery in both places is tortuous. The tortuosity in the neck allows free movements of the pharynx during deglutition. On the face, it allows free movements of the mandible, the lips and the cheek during mastication and during various facial expressions. The artery escapes traction and pressure during these movements. The cervical part of the facial artery runs upwards on the superior constrictor of pharynx deep to the posterior belly of the digastric, with the stylohyoid and to the ramus of the mandible. It grooves the posterior border of the submandibular salivary gland. Next the artery makes an S-bend (two loops) first winding down over the submandibular gland, and then up over the base of the mandible The facial part of the facial artery enters the face at anteroinferior angle of masseter muscle, runs upwards close to angle of mouth, side of nose till medial angle of eye. The cervical part of the facial artery gives off 1. ascending palatine, 2. tonsillar, 3. submental, and 4. glandular branches for the submandibular salivary gland and lymph nodes. The ascending palatine artery arises near the origin of the facial artery. It passes upwards between the styloglossus and the stylopharyngeus, crosses over the upper border of the superior constrictor and supplies the tonsil and the root of the tongue. The submental branch is a large artery which accompanies the mylohyoid nerve, and supplies the submental triangle and the sublingual salivary gland. The facial part It enters the face by winding around the base of the mandible, and by piercing the deep cervical fascia, at the anteroinferior angle of the masseter muscle. It can be palpated here and is called ‘anaesthetist's artery'. First it runs upwards and forwards to a point 1.25 cm lateral to the angle of the mouth. Then it ascends by the side of the nose up to the medial angle of the eye, where it terminates by supplying the lacrimal sac; and by anastomosing with the dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery. The facial artery is very tortuous. The tortuosity of the artery prevents its walls from being unduly stretched during movements of the mandible, the lips and the cheeks. It lies between the superficial and deep muscles of the face. Branches The anterior branches on the face are large and named. They are: 1. lnferior labial, to the lower lip. 2. Superior labial, to the upper lip and the anteroinferior part of the nasal septum. 3. Lateral nasal, to the ala and dorsum of the nose. The posterior branches are small and unnamed. Anastomoses 1. The large anterior branches anastomose with similar branches of the opposite side and with the mental artery. In the lips, anastomoses are large, so that cut arteries spurt from both ends 2. Small posterior branches anastomose with the transverse facial and infraorbital arteries. 3. At the medial angle of the eye, terminal branches of the facial artery anastomose with branches of the ophthalmic artery. This is, therefore, a site for anastomoses between the branches of the external and internal carotid arteries ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- My website - https://human-anatomy-lessons.busines... My Blog - https://human-anatomylessons.blogspot... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow me in blogspot - https://human-anatomylessons.blogspot... _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Visit my blogs - https://humananatomyonline.in/ Contact me @ https://t.me/humananatomylessons