Скачать с ютуб Polyneuropathy, axonal and demyelinating neuropathies (mechanism of disease) в хорошем качестве

Polyneuropathy, axonal and demyelinating neuropathies (mechanism of disease)

This is a flowchart on polyneuropathy, covering axonal neuropathy and demyelinating neuropathy, including the etiology, pathophysiology, and manifestations of these conditions. ADDITIONAL TAGS: Hypothyroidism Variable progression, with periods of recovery, stabilization, exacerbations, slow decline, etc. Progression: slow decline over years, affecting longer axons (lower extremities) first. Distal muscle wasting: feet, lower legs, hands (if severe) Damage to multiple peripheral nerve fibers, mainly involving: Axon loss → ↓ signal amplitude (axonal neuropathy) Risk factors / SDOH Cell / tissue damage Nutrition / diet Polyneuropathy Medicine / iatrogenic Infectious / microbial Biochem / metabolic Immunology / inflammation Signs / symptoms Tests / imaging / labs Environmental / toxin Genetic / hereditary Flow physiology Pathophysiology Etiology Manifestations Alcohol use disorder Impaired interaction between Schwann cells and axons → ↓ conduction velocity, ↑ latency (demyelinating neuropathy) Generalized muscle weakness: distal proximal Distal sensory loss (abnormal vibration and proprioception pain or temperature) Diffusely ↓ or absent reflexes Distal sensory loss (all senses: pain, temperature, proprioception, vibration) ↓ or absent distal reflexes (usually begins in the ankles) Atrophy of muscles +/- neuropathic pain, paresthesias, and motor weakness Burning-foot syndrome: burning pain, tingling, pins-and-needles sensation, or formication (feels like insects crawling on/under skin) Sensory ataxia Malnutrition (↓ thiamine) Cytotoxic effects Alcoholic polyneuropathy Diabetes mellitus Chronic hyperglycemia Glycation of axon proteins HIV Leprosy Borreliosis Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (cisplatin, doxorubicin) Drug-induced (suramin, amiodarone) Diphtheria → diphtheria toxin Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (aka Hereditary motor sensory neuropathy) Scoliosis Foot deformities (high arches, hammer toes) Krabbe disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy Other inflammatory: vasculitis; connective tissue disorders Other viruses: CMV, VZV, herpes zoster, measles, mumps, rubella, flu Uremic polyneuropathy Heavy metals (lead, arsenic, thallium) Guillain-Barré: cross reactive Ab (molecular mimicry against Schwann cells) GI or resp infxn Motor sensory in early dz