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What is cell organelles, Definition of cell organelles, Exam Based Questions Answer

Cell organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions necessary for the cell's survival and operation. There are several types of organelles, each with unique roles: 1. *Nucleus*: Controls cell growth, division, and contains genetic material (DNA). 2. *Mitochondria*: Generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration. 3. *Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)*: Synthesizes proteins, lipids, and transports materials. 4. *Ribosomes*: Synthesizes proteins from amino acids. 5. *Lysosomes*: Contains digestive enzymes, breaks down and recycles cellular waste. 6. *Golgi Apparatus*: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport. 7. Plastids (in plant cells): Involved in photosynthesis, starch synthesis, and pigment synthesis. 8. *Cytoskeleton*: Provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell. 9. *Peroxisomes*: Breaks down fatty acids and amino acids. 10. *Centrioles*: Involved in cell division and formation of cilia and flagella. 11. *Cytosol*: Jelly-like substance where many metabolic reactions occur. 12. *Cell Membrane*: Controls what enters and leaves the cell, maintains cell shape. 13. Chloroplasts (in plant cells): Responsible for photosynthesis. 14. *Vacuoles*: Stores water, salts, and nutrients. 15. Cilia (in some cells): Aids in movement and sensing the environment. Examples of cells with specific organelles: - Nerve cells (neurons) have extensive cytoskeleton for structure and transport. - Muscle cells have many mitochondria for energy production. - Plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis. - Red blood cells have no nucleus, allowing for more hemoglobin. Each organelle plays a vital role in maintaining the cell's homeostasis and enabling it to perform its functions.